1、6现在完成时态（秘笈）1. 用法：到现在为止已经完成的动作或事情。例：Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now.某种情况从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。例：I have lived here since 1990.2. 现在完成时的构成： havehas+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has already finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work yet?否定句 He has
2、 not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句 What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?ne
3、ver从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?2两词组havegone to去了某地 例：He has gone
4、 to Beijing (去了北京)havebeen to去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3两结构for two monthsfor +时间段 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +时间点Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +一般过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.4如果句子里面
5、没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。5. 在现在完成时中，短
6、暂动词不能和一段时间状语连用例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He
7、 has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）6. 还有其他短暂动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here例：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：H
8、e has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been
9、dead for 3 years.finish/end be over例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have h
10、ad the bike for 3 years.例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost 7. 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作
11、可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete
12、 become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）改为：He has been dead for three days.第一部分用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Thanks a lot. Its sunny again. It _(rain) for a long time.2. _Mr. Li _(live) here since 8 years old?3. Sin
13、ce Mr. Li came here, he _(teach) in this school.4. Its the third time that I _(see) him this month.5. Is your mother at home? -No, she _(go) to work.6. Her mother _(become)a doctor in 1970. She_(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.7. He _(teach) English here since we _(see) him 5 years ago.8. H
14、ow many times _you _(be) to Beijing?-Only once. I _(go) there two years ago.9. Ive lost my cat. _you ever _(see) it anywhere?10. My parents are not at home. They _(leave) for Shanghai.11. Wait here, please. The train _(not arrive) yet.12. Where is my dictionary? -Li Ping _(take) it away.13. I _(lose
15、) my pen, and I _(look)for it now.14. I _(not see) such a strange thing before.15. He joined the Party in 1990. He _(be) a party member for 10 years.16. How long _Uncle Wang _(work) in this factory? -Since 1995.17. So far the children _(learn) 1,000 English words.18. _you _(mend) your bike? -Yes. I
16、mended it a moment ago.19. Ill tell him the news that our class _(win) already.20. She _(stay) here for over 5 years.21. The box is empty. Who _(eat) all the cakes?22. He has found his bike .When _he _(find) it?23. Her sister _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave) this morning.24. My friend Wang Hai ofte
17、n _ (swim) in the river.25. The teacher _ (reach) Beijing two days ago.每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3. I have gone to Beijing three times.4. Jim isnt here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5. She has lived there since 8
18、 years.6. Has he been a teacher for 1990?7. I lived here since 3 months ago.8. Have you finished the work yet? -Yes, I did.9. Jims brothers has made many kinds of kites.10. He has taked the books away.按要求句型转换Kate has already finished the homework.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_两回答：_ 特殊疑问句：_ 第二部分I、用一般过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_
19、 you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work
20、.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in
21、a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”II、用have(has) been to/in或have(has) gone (to) 填空。AA: Where _Bob _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the
22、way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Bob _ there?B: He _ there only once.B1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ she _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America
23、? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He left here an hour ago.10) Would you like to go to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _? - I _ the zoo. 1) Where _ you _ last year? 14) _ she often _ skati
24、ng in winter?III. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten, she?2.Neither of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find)
25、your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lose ) my watch yes
26、terday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.15. you (take) the medicine yet? Yes, I it half an hour ago.16. When you (come) to China? I (come) to China three years ago. I (be) in China for three years. 17. How long she (be) in Japan?18. The factory (open) for a long time.IV、翻译下列句子：1. 我刚刚
27、丢了我的化学书。I my chemistry book.2. 他们已经结婚10年。 They for ten years.3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 I that farm.4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 He his lunch.5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ the film yet?6. 我哥哥还没回来。 My brother .7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 I last week.8. 在1992年他住在这里。 He in 1992.9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 I for three years.10.他离开中国三年了。 He China for three years.11.我认识他们五年了。 I for five years.12.他们已去了美国五年了。 They America for five years.13.他们已经打扫了教室吗？ the classroom?14.我们已经认识有二十年了。We for twenty years.15.打那以后，她一直住在这。Ever since that, she here.16.“你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。” there? No, I there.